Adaptive attention graph convolution network with normalized embedded Gaussian for rapid serial visualization presentation decoding

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been widely used in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and have shown great prowess in identifying electroencephalogram (EEG) spatiotemporal features. However, most GCNs learn channels topological relationship by fixed adjacency matrix. This lacks connectivity strength information and ignores the data dependency. This paper proposes a data-driven adjacency matrix based on normalized embedded Gaussian function, and constructs a Gaussian-Adaptive Attention Graph Convolution Network (Gaussian-AAGCN). Brain regions connectivity is calculated by normalized embedded Gaussian function, and the topological relationship is adaptively learned by input data in a data-driven manner. This data-driven adaptive adjacency matrix avoids brain activity information loss caused by fixed adjacency matrix and improves the flexibility of graph construction. Convolutional block attention module (CBAM) is introduced to adaptive feature refinement in two independent dimensions, improving model representation ability. Experimental results show that the average area under curve (AUC), true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) of Gaussian-AAGCN on 14 subjects are 93.52 %, 91.59 %, and 4.58 % respectively. Compared to Transformer, Event-Related Potential Capsule Network (ERP-CapsNet), Electroencephalogram Convolutional Neural Network (EEGNet), and Multi-Granularity Information Fusion Network (MGIFNet), the AUC of Gaussian-AAGCN is higher by 18.02 %, 5.32 %, 2.62 %, and 1.82 %, respectively. Using the adaptive adjacency matrix, the model AUC and TPR are increased by about 4.8 % and 7.8 % respectively. After integrating CBAM, the AUC and TPR increased by about 3.5 % and 8 % respectively.