An intelligent flexible LIG/PDMS/AgNWs composite electronic skin with AI system for sports and health monitoring

Motivated by recent advancements in artificial intelligence and electronic skin (e-skin) technologies, flexible tactile sensors have gained broad applications in wearable devices. However, conventional solutions remain limited in daily monitoring scenarios due to their inherent rigidity and lack of portability. To overcome these constraints, we designed a smart e-skin system capable of detecting both mechanical deformation and thermal fluctuations. The system is fabricated via a simple yet efficient integration of laser-induced graphene (LIG), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and silver nanowires (AgNWs), achieving a synergistic enhancement in performance. Experimental results demonstrate favorable sensor characteristics, including a high gauge factor (GF) of 1253.51, a broad detection range of 0–50 %, a fast response time of 73 ms, a low detection limit for tensile strain of 0.1 %, and a positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) of 0.46 × 10⁻² °C⁻¹. Moreover, the proposed tactile sensor can accurately acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, including those indicative of hyperkalemia and myocardial infarction, while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR > 20 dB). By integrating a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm, this e-skin technology enables real-time multi-touch sensing and possesses the ability to unambiguously discriminate between complex strain and temperature signals. These multifunctional features indicate significant potential for application in human motion tracking and cardiovascular health monitoring.