“Cocktail” anti-tumor strategy through enhanced antigen exposure with photothermal/chemodynamic therapy

“Cocktail” anti-tumor strategy effectively prevent tumor escape through a variety of attack modes. To reduce the difficulty of tumor marker exposure caused by adhesion factor coverage and improve the efficiency of tumor killing, in this work, prussian@20(R)-ginsenoside@defective tungsten oxide@hyaluronic acid (PRDH) nanosystem, an in-situ “cock-tail” anti-tumor nano-generator was prepared. PRDH nanosystem attacked tumor cells not only through photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), but more importantly through removing protection of sticky factors for tumor cells and triggering precise tumor recognition by immune cells. Responsing to glutathione (GSH) in tumor microenvironment (TME) and 808 laser irradiation, PRDH nanosystem released 20(R)-ginsenoside (Rg3) and in-situ catalyzed CO₂ into CO. Rg3 and CO synergistically inhibited the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) which acted as a “protective umbrella” for the immune escape of the tumor cells, thereby promoting the exposure of the MUC1 antigen. Subsequently, as an “I'm here” signal, the MUC1 antigen induced the tumor cells to be targeted and eliminated by immune cells in cooperation with lipid peroxide (LPO) promoted by Fenton reaction of PRDH NPs. Therefore, anti-tumor mode of PRDH nanosystem through enhanced antigen exposure with PTT/CDT, provided a novel “cocktail” strategy for the development of tumor therapy.