Sex Difference of Alcoholic Hypertension: Mechanism and Targeted Therapy

Purpose of Review: This review provides a critical examination of the sex-specific impact of alcohol consumption on the development and progression of hypertension. Specifically, it elucidates the differential roles of alcohol metabolism and blood pressure regulatory mechanisms in men and women. Finally, it explores promising sex-specific therapeutic strategies for the management of alcoholic hypertension. Recent Findings: Emerging evidence indicates significant sex-based disparities in alcohol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with women exhibiting heightened susceptibility to alcohol-induced cardiovascular sequelae. Crucially, key mechanistic insights reveal the differential modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress pathways, and the intricate interplay of sex hormones, including the protective effects of estrogen and the potential pro-hypertensive effects of testosterone. Consequently, contemporary therapeutic avenues are increasingly focusing on targeting these sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Summary: Alcoholic hypertension manifests with distinct sex-related etiologies and underlying mechanisms, necessitating the development of tailored therapeutic interventions. Effective management strategies should prioritize addressing sex-specific differences in oxidative stress, RAAS activation, and the implementation of personalized lifestyle modifications.